MS is diagnosed and monitored through a handful of tests — most commonly MRIs, sometimes a lumbar puncture, and occasionally evoked potentials. Each test answers a slightly different question, and each has its own vocabulary that your team will use in results and follow-ups. These definitions explain what the tests actually do, what the machines feel like, and what your doctor is looking for in the results.
5 terms in this topic
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
An MRI is a scan that uses strong magnets and radio waves to make detailed pictures of the brain and spinal cord. In MS, it is used to look for areas of nerve damage and to track c...
Gadolinium Contrast
Gadolinium is a contrast agent sometimes given through an IV during an MRI. It helps highlight areas of active inflammation, which appear bright on the scan. Not every MS MRI uses ...
Lumbar Puncture
A lumbar puncture, sometimes called a spinal tap, is a test where a small amount of fluid is taken from around the spinal cord using a thin needle in the lower back. The fluid is c...
Oligoclonal Bands
Oligoclonal bands are specific proteins from the immune system that show up as stripes on a lab test. They are found in the spinal fluid of most people with MS but usually not in t...
Evoked Potentials
Evoked potentials are tests that measure how quickly your nerves carry signals to your brain in response to what you see, hear, or feel. Small sensors are placed on the scalp while...
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Reviewed by the MS Buddy editorial team. Not medical advice — always consult your care team.