Blood test that predicts MS after a first attack

Credibility

Interest

Key Takeaway

A blood test measuring neurofilament light chain (NfL) soon after a first MS-like attack helps predict who is likely to be diagnosed with multiple sclerosis sooner.

What They Found

Researchers measured two proteins in blood (NfL and GFAP) from people within six months after a first neurological episode called a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Higher NfL levels were linked to a faster move to an MS diagnosis, even when both proteins were considered together. GFAP (a protein related to support cells in the brain) showed some link to earlier MS but did not add extra helpful information once NfL was taken into account. A common genetic marker called HLA-DRB1*15:01 improved the ability to predict MS when added to NfL levels. Another blood marker tied to past Epstein–Barr virus (anti-EBNA1) did not help predict MS in this group.

Who Should Care and Why

People who have had a first MS-like attack (CIS) should care because a simple blood test for NfL could help doctors estimate the chance of getting a formal MS diagnosis sooner — like checking the engine light after the first unusual noise in a car. Caregivers can use this information to discuss follow-up plans and monitoring so problems are caught earlier rather than later. Neurologists and MS nurses may use NfL plus a common genetic test to decide how closely to watch someone or whether to start treatment sooner. Patients who worry about progression can ask their team about NfL testing as part of early planning and shared decision-making. People without CIS or with stable, long-term MS are less likely to benefit directly from this specific early-prediction use.

Important Considerations

This study followed people after a first symptom but does not prove that measuring NfL changes long-term outcomes — it shows prediction, not that testing or acting on it improves health. The findings are from one study group and need confirmation in other groups before this becomes a routine test everywhere. Also, NfL tells about nerve cell injury but not the exact cause, so doctors use it together with MRI scans, symptoms, and other tests to make care decisions.

Categories:

MS Diagnostics Early Research MS Progression

Article Topics:

BiomarkerClinically isolated syndromeGenetic riskMultiple sclerosisPrognosis

Whether you’ve recently been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) or are seeking to broaden your understanding of this complex, neurodegenerative disease, navigating the latest research can feel overwhelming. Studies published in respected medical journals like Journal of neurology often range from early-stage, exploratory work to advanced clinical trials. These evidence-based findings help shape new disease-modifying therapies, guide symptom management techniques, and deepen our knowledge of MS progression.

However, not all research is created equal. Some clinical research studies may have smaller sample sizes, evolving methodologies, or limitations that warrant careful interpretation. For a more comprehensive, accurate understanding, we recommend reviewing the original source material—accessible via the More Details section above—and consulting with healthcare professionals who specialize in MS care.

By presenting a wide range of MS-focused studies—spanning cutting-edge treatments, emerging therapies, and established best practices—we aim to empower patients, caregivers, and clinicians to stay informed and make well-informed decisions when managing Multiple Sclerosis.

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